高强螺栓作为钢结构节点连接中常用的部件，在钢结构中起到非常重要作用。高强螺栓主要由扭剪型高强螺栓和大六角螺栓之分。高强螺栓采用电动扳手来紧固。

　　High strength bolts, as the most commonly used component in steel structure node connections, play a very important role in steel structures. High strength bolts are mainly divided into torsional shear type high-strength bolts and large hexagonal bolts. High strength bolts are tightened using electric wrenches.

　　螺栓的等级性能等级分3.6、4.6、4.8、5.6、6.8、8.8、9.8、10.9、12.9等10余个等级。①高强度螺栓：指的是性能等级为8.8级及以上的螺栓，其材质为低碳合金钢或中碳钢并经热处理（淬火、回火）。②普通螺栓：其余通称普通螺栓，可分为精制螺栓（A、B级：5.6或8.8）和粗制螺栓（C级），性能等级一般为4.6或4.8。

　　The performance levels of bolts are divided into more than 10 levels, including 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, etc High strength bolt: refers to bolts with a performance grade of 8.8 or above, made of low-carbon alloy steel or medium carbon steel and subjected to heat treatment (quenching, tempering) Ordinary bolts: commonly referred to as ordinary bolts, they can be divided into refined bolts (A, B grade: 5.6 or 8.8) and rough bolts (C grade), with a performance level generally of 4.6 or 4.8.

　　螺栓的连接

　　Bolt connection

　　螺栓与螺母配合，用于紧固连接两个带有通孔的元件，属于可拆卸连接。螺栓连接的工作原理

　　The bolt and nut are used to fasten and connect two components with through holes, which is a detachable connection. Working principle of bolted connection

　　胡可定律：固体材料受力之后，材料中的应力与应变（单位变形量）之间成线性关系。

　　Hu Ke's Law: After a solid material is subjected to force, there is a linear relationship between the stress and strain (unit deformation) in the material.

　　电动扳手的应用

　　Application of electric wrench

　　电动扭剪扳手主要用于紧固高强度扭剪螺栓，并且在紧固完成后将剪断的梅花头保留在套筒内部不掉落，随后扣动扳机将梅花头弹出。

　　The electric twist shear wrench is mainly used to tighten high-strength twist shear bolts, and after the tightening is completed, the cut plum blossom head is kept inside the sleeve without falling off, and then the trigger is pulled to eject the plum blossom head.

　　电动扭矩扳手主要用于紧固各种有扭力要求的大六角高强螺栓，动力为220v或110v交流电源，带有扭矩控制器，在一定范围内输出扭矩可调。

　　Electric torque wrenches are mainly used to tighten various high-strength bolts with torque requirements, powered by 220V or 110V AC power, equipped with torque controllers, and can output adjustable torque within a certain range.

　　近年来，因螺栓紧固不当带来的设备问题屡见不鲜，紧固不足、紧固过量、紧固不均等引起的振动超标、螺栓断裂、部件脱落等设备故障、事故时有发生。

　　In recent years, equipment safety issues caused by improper bolt tightening have become increasingly common. Equipment failures and safety accidents such as excessive vibration, bolt breakage, and component detachment caused by insufficient, excessive, or uneven tightening have occurred from time to time.

　　使用电动扭矩扳手控制施工扭矩的重要性

　　The importance of using electric torque wrenches to control construction torque

　　在施工中，除了剪切力和拉力之外，还会受到：振动、温度、侧向应力（风力、流量、压力等）、负载的改变等其他的一些作用力。使用电动扭矩扳手控制施工扭矩是很重要的，如果所设定的扭矩值偏小，就会造成紧固不足，螺栓就会因振动或循环载荷而松脱，如果紧固过度，会使法兰转动使钢结构断裂。

　　During construction, in addition to shear and tensile forces, other forces such as vibration, temperature, lateral stress (wind, flow, pressure, etc.), and changes in load will also be applied. It is important to use an electric torque wrench to control the construction torque. If the set torque value is too small, it will cause insufficient tightening, and bolts will loosen due to vibration or cyclic loads. If tightened excessively, it will cause flange rotation and steel structure fracture.

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