生活中，常常提到螺栓、螺钉、螺丝等，那它们的区别是什么呢？
In life, bolts, screws, screws, etc. are often mentioned. What is the difference between them?
其实，标准的说法是没有螺丝和螺帽的。螺丝是俗称，带有外螺纹的都可称为"螺丝"。 螺母的外形通常为六角形，内孔为内螺纹，用来与螺栓配合，把紧相关件。 螺帽是俗称，标准应称"螺母"。 螺栓的头部一般为六角形，杆部带有外螺纹。 螺钉较小，头部有平头、十字头等，杆部带有外螺纹。 螺柱实际应叫“双头螺柱”，两头均有外螺纹，中间一般是光杆。螺纹长的一端用来与深孔连接，短的一段与螺母连接。
In fact, the standard saying is that there are no screws and nuts. Screws are commonly known as "screws" with external threads. The shape of the nut is usually hexagonal, and the inner hole is internal thread, which is used to fit with the bolt and tighten the relevant parts. Nut is commonly known as "nut" in the standard. The head of the bolt is generally hexagonal, and the rod is provided with external thread. The screw is small, with flat head, crosshead, etc. on the head, and external thread on the rod. The stud should actually be called "double headed stud", both ends have external threads, and the middle is generally a smooth rod. The long end of the thread is used to connect with the deep hole, and the short section is connected with the nut.
标准紧固件共分十二大类，选用时按紧固件的使用场合和其使用功能进行确定。
Standard fasteners are divided into 12 categories, which shall be determined according to the application occasion and function of fasteners.
1、螺栓螺栓在机械制造中广泛应用于可拆连接，一般与螺母（通常再加上一个垫圈或两个垫圈）配套使用。
1. Bolts are widely used for detachable connections in mechanical manufacturing, and are generally used together with nuts (usually plus one washer or two washers).
2、螺母、螺钉螺钉通常是单独（有时加垫圈）使用，一般起紧固或紧定作用，应拧入机体的内螺纹。
2. Nuts and screws are usually used alone (sometimes with washers). They are generally used for fastening or tightening, and should be screwed into the internal thread of the machine body.
3、螺柱螺柱多用于连接被连接件之一厚度大，需使用结构紧凑或因拆卸频繁而不宜采用螺栓连接的地方。螺柱一般为两端都带有螺纹（单头螺柱为单端带螺纹），通常将一头螺纹牢固拧入部件机体中，另一端与螺母相配，起连接和紧固的作用，但在很大程度上还具有定距的作用。
3. Studs are mostly used to connect one of the connected parts, which is thick and needs to be used where the structure is compact or bolt connection is not suitable due to frequent disassembly. Generally, both ends of the stud are threaded (single end stud is single end threaded). Usually, one end of the thread is firmly screwed into the component body, and the other end is matched with the nut to connect and fasten, but it also has the function of distance to a great extent.
4、木螺钉：木螺钉用于拧入木材，起连接或紧固作用。
4. Wood screw wood screw is used to screw in wood for connection or fastening.
5、自攻螺钉与自攻螺钉相配的工作螺孔不需预先攻丝，在拧入自攻螺钉的同时，使内螺纹成型。
5. The working screw hole matched with the self tapping screw does not need to be tapped in advance. While screwing in the self tapping screw, the internal thread is formed.
6、垫圈防松垫圈垫圈放在螺栓、螺钉和螺母等的支承面与工件支承面之间使用，起防松和减小支承面应力的作用。
6. Washer lock washer the washer is used between the bearing surface of bolts, screws and nuts and the workpiece bearing surface to prevent looseness and reduce the stress on the bearing surface.
7、锁紧垫圈、挡圈挡圈主要用来将零件在轴上或孔中定位、锁紧或止退。
7. Lock washer and retaining ring are mainly used to position, lock or stop parts on the shaft or in the hole.
8、销：销通常用于定位，也可用于连接或锁定零件，还可作为装置中的过载剪断元件。
8. Pins are usually used for positioning, connecting or locking parts, and as overload cutting elements in safety devices.
9、铆钉：铆钉一端有头部，且杆部无螺纹。使用时将杆部插入被连接件的孔内，然后将杆的端部铆紧，起连接或紧固作用。
9. One end of the rivet has a head, and the rod has no thread. When in use, insert the rod into the hole of the connected part, and then rivet the end of the rod to connect or fasten.
10、连接副连接副即螺钉或螺栓或自攻螺钉和垫圈的组合。垫圈装于螺钉后，必须能在螺钉（或螺栓）上自由转动而不脱落。主要起紧固或紧定作用。
10. The connecting pair is a combination of screws or bolts or self tapping screws and washers. After the washer is installed on the screw, it must be able to rotate freely on the screw (or bolt) without falling off. It is mainly used for fastening or fixing.
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