钢结构高强螺栓的正确拧使用方法
Correct screwing method of high-strength bolts for steel structures
钢结构高强度螺栓可以从受力特征上区分为摩擦型连接和承压型连接两类。高强度螺栓承压型连接的连接面只需作防锈处理即可。然而高强度螺栓摩擦型具有连接紧密，受力良好，耐疲劳，适宜承受动力荷载的优点，但连接面需要做摩擦面处理，一般采用喷砂、喷砂后涂无机富锌漆来处理。
High strength bolts of steel structures can be divided into friction type connection and pressure bearing type connection from the mechanical characteristics. The connection surface of high-strength bolt pressure bearing connection only needs to be treated with rust prevention. However, the friction type of high-strength bolt has the advantages of tight connection, good stress resistance, fatigue resistance, and suitable for bearing dynamic load. However, the friction surface treatment is required for the connection surface, which is generally treated by sandblasting and coating inorganic zinc rich paint after sandblasting.
钢结构高强度螺栓由于螺栓构造和施工方法不一样，又可以分为大六角头高强度螺栓和扭剪型高强度螺栓两类。大六角头型和普通六角头粗制螺栓相同，扭剪型的螺栓头与铆钉头相仿，但是扭剪型的螺纹端头设置了一个梅花卡头和一个能够控制紧固扭矩的环形槽沟，这个差别需要注意。
High strength bolts of steel structure can be divided into large hexagon head high strength bolts and torsional shear type high strength bolts due to different bolt structures and construction methods. The big hexagon head type is the same as the common hexagon head rough bolt, and the twist shear type bolt head is similar to the rivet head, but the twist shear type thread end is provided with a quincunx clip head and an annular groove that can control the tightening torque, which requires attention.
—个螺栓连接副包括螺栓、螺母、垫圈三部分。高强度螺栓的构造要求和排列要求，与普通螺栓的构造及排列要求相同。然后一定要符合规范使用，大六角头只能使用8.8级高强螺栓，扭剪型高强度螺栓只能使用10.9级高强度螺栓。
A bolt connection pair includes three parts: bolt, nut and washer. The construction and arrangement requirements of high-strength bolts are the same as those of ordinary bolts. Then it must be used in accordance with the specifications. Only 8.8 high strength bolts can be used for large hexagon heads, and only 10.9 high strength bolts can be used for torsional shear type high strength bolts.
钢结构高强度螺栓的预拉力是通过扭紧螺母实现的。通常使用扭矩法、转角法或扭掉螺栓尾部梅花卡头法来控制预拉力。
The pretension of high-strength bolts of steel structures is achieved by tightening the nuts. Usually, torque method, angle method or torquing off the quincunx clamp at the end of the bolt are used to control the pretension.

目前有一种显示扭矩的特制扳手，通过测定的扭矩和螺栓拉力之间的关系，再来施加扭矩达到必要的超张拉值。
At present, there is a special wrench that shows the torque. By measuring the relationship between the torque and the bolt tension, the torque can be applied to achieve the necessary overstretching value.
转角法转角法又分为二个步骤，一是初拧，二是终拧。简单来说，初拧一般是工人使用普通扳手使得被连接构件相互紧密贴合，而终拧则是以初拧的贴紧位置作为起点，根据螺栓直径和板叠厚度来确定的终拧角度，用强有力的扳手旋转螺母，拧预定角度值时，螺栓的拉力就可以达到要求的预拉力数值了。为了防止高强度螺栓受外部环境的影响，使扭矩系数发生变化，故一般初拧、终拧应该在同内完成。
Angle method The angle method is divided into two steps: first, initial tightening, and second, final tightening. In simple terms, the initial tightening is generally the workers use ordinary wrenches to make the connected components closely fit each other, while the final tightening is the final tightening angle determined according to the bolt diameter and the thickness of the plate stack, using a powerful wrench to rotate the nut. When the nut is tightened to the preset angle value, the bolt tension can reach the required pre tension value. In order to prevent the high strength bolts from being affected by the external environment and changing the torque coefficient, the initial tightening and final tightening should be completed in the same day.
扭剪型扭剪型高强度螺栓的受力特征与一般高强度螺栓相同，只是施加预拉力的方法为用拧断螺栓梅花头切口处截面来控制预拉力数值。
The stress characteristics of torsional shear high-strength bolts are the same as those of ordinary high-strength bolts, except that the method of applying pretension is to control the pretension value by unscrewing the section at the notch of the bolt quincunx head.
摩擦型高强度螺栓连接完全依靠被连接构件间的摩擦阻力传力，而摩擦阻力的大小除了螺栓的预拉力外，与被连接构件材料及其接触面的表面处理所确定的摩擦面抗滑移系数。
Friction type high-strength bolt connection completely relies on the friction resistance between the connected components to transmit force, and the friction resistance is determined by the friction surface anti slip coefficient determined by the surface treatment of the materials and contact surfaces of the connected components in addition to the pretension of the bolts.
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